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III. Reading Comprehension
Passage One
A normal conversation between strangers involves more than talk. It also involves the dynamics of space interaction. If one person gets too close, the other person will back up. If the first person invades the other’s space again, the other will back up again. The person who finds himself or herself backing up is trying to increase the distance of the comfort zone. The person closing in is trying to decrease that distance. Most likely neither person is fully aware of what is going on.
In the 1960s American anthropologist (人類學(xué)家) Edward T. Hall was a pioneer in the study of human behavioral use of space. His field of study became known as proxemics. Hall said that personal space for Americans can be defined as having four distinct zones: the intimate zone within 18 inches of your body for whispering and embracing; personal zone of 18 inches to four feet, for talking with close friends; social zone of four to 10 feet, for talking with acquaintances; and the social zone of 10 to 25 feet, for talking to strangers or to a group.
Historians say that our standards of personal space began with the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. In cities such as London and New York, people of different social and economics classes were suddenly crammed (塞滿，塞進) together, so they unconsciously developed a commonly understood rule of polite behavior and space to restrict the area around them.
People exhibit nonverbal messages of discomfort when their zones are violated. Invaded people might pull at their hair, become rigid, or even become angry. As Hall noted in his work, a comfortable conversation needs to include the range of human personal space.
21.This passage is mostly about _____.
what nonverbal communication is
human conversation
the life of Edward T. Hall
human behavioral use of space
22. Edward T. Hall identified _____.
talks between strangers
angry people
four zones of personal space
the Industrial Revolution
If you and a close friend began talking when you were eight feet apart, you will probably soon _____.
move closer together
move farther together
begin talking more softly
ask another friend to join the conversation
The third paragraph provides ______.
historical view on personal space
an economic reason for personal space
an overview of Edward T. Hall’s field of study
a definition of personal space
The word “dynamics” means _____.
difficulties
forces or influence that cause change
largeness
explosions so large that they are beyond belief
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