考博

含蓄條件句是指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用其他手段來(lái)暗示存在虛擬條件。但是這類隱含式虛擬條件句往往都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為if引導(dǎo)的條件句。常來(lái)表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段有：

(1)介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。

the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn't been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 答案選B。

But that she was afraid, she would have said no.

(2)連詞，如：so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(唯恐)，in order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。

She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wanted.

If only I had more money, I could buy a car.

(注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用should+動(dòng)詞原形，但可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用動(dòng)詞的陳述語(yǔ)氣形式。)例如：

The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 這位外籍教師說(shuō)得很慢以免我們聽不懂。

Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法時(shí)要小心謹(jǐn)慎，以免會(huì)發(fā)生溢流現(xiàn)象。

(3)通過(guò)上下文及內(nèi)在含義，句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等類似轉(zhuǎn)折詞。

I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake.

A. were sleeping B. would be sleeping C. had been sleeping D. would sleep選擇 B。

(4)形容詞及其比較級(jí)

A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.

A less conscientious man wouldn't have tried so hard to get this job done.

(5)分詞短語(yǔ)

Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident.

Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father.

(6)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虛擬。

I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time.

To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman.

She would be stupid not to accept his invitation.

It would be easier to do it this way.

(7)名詞短語(yǔ)和名詞+and結(jié)構(gòu)

A judicious man would not have committed suicide.

A diligent student would have worked harder.

(8)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

All things considered, the price would be reasonable.

(9)定語(yǔ)從句

Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same.

A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight.

(10)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式暗示虛擬語(yǔ)氣：

I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn't.

The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.

(11)動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬

動(dòng)詞原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一種虛擬，最常見于正式文體中，動(dòng)詞原形一般用在條件從句中，有時(shí)倒裝置于句首，同時(shí)這種用法也常見于獨(dú)立句中表達(dá)愿望。

God bless you!

All magnets behave the same, be they large or small.

She'll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come May =when May come)。

If that be so, we shall take action at once.

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2014年度考博《英語(yǔ)》知識(shí)點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)匯總

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