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英語(yǔ)六級(jí)聽(tīng)力短文聽(tīng)寫(xiě)解題原則

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英語(yǔ)六級(jí)聽(tīng)力短文聽(tīng)寫(xiě)解題原則

  關(guān)于六級(jí)短文聽(tīng)力
  1、 結(jié)構(gòu):三篇文章,要求考生在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最符合原文的答案。每題1分,共10分(占710分中的10%)。
  2、難度:難度年年上升,考生失分的重災(zāi)區(qū)。短文部分由三篇文章構(gòu)成,內(nèi)容題材極為廣泛,不僅考察學(xué)生的理解能力,而且還有對(duì)信息的短期記憶能力和思維能力。
  3、基本規(guī)則:視聽(tīng)基本一致原則(根本原則);
  順序出題原則(即題目順序和文章內(nèi)容的進(jìn)展是對(duì)應(yīng)的);
  首尾句原則(即首句和尾句處容易出題);
  同義替換原則(選項(xiàng)的單詞和短語(yǔ)是原文中的同義或近義)
  重點(diǎn)詞匯考點(diǎn)原則 (轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系詞匯、因果關(guān)系詞匯、最高級(jí)詞匯、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
  等詞匯的后方信息更容易成為答案)
  例題分析:2007年12月第一篇短文聽(tīng)力(聽(tīng)力音頻請(qǐng)見(jiàn)網(wǎng)站音頻鏈接)
  26. A)To win over the majority of passengers from airlines in twenty years.
  B)To reform railroad management in western European countries.
  C)To electrify the railway lines between major European cities.
  D)To set up an express train network throughout Europe.
  27. A)Major European airlines will go bankrupt.
  B)Europeans will pay much less for traveling.
  C)Traveling time by train between major European cities will be cut by half.
  D)Trains will become the safest and most efficient means of travel in Europe.
  28. A)Train travel will prove much more comfortable than air travel.
  B)Passengers will feel much safer on board a train than on a plane.
  C)Rail transport will be environmentally friendlier than air transport.
  D)Traveling by train may be as quick as,or even quicker than by air.
  29. A)In 1981. C)In 1990.
  B)In 1989. D)In 2000.
  In January 1989, the Community of European Railways presented their proposal for a high speed pan-European train network extending from Sweden to Sicily, and from Portugal to Poland by the year 2020. (第26題考點(diǎn)。注意train network在選項(xiàng)中反映)If their proposal becomes a reality, it will revolutionize train travel in Europe. Journeys between major cities will take half the time they take today.(第27題考點(diǎn),注意half在選項(xiàng)中的反映) Brussels will be only one and a half hours from Paris. The quickest way to get from Paris to Frankfurt, from Barcelona to Madrid will be by train, not plane. When the network is complete, it will integrate three types of railway line: totally new high speed lines with trains operating at speeds of 300 kilometers per hour, upgraded lines which allow for speeds up to 200 to 225 kilometers per hour, and existing lines for local connections and distribution of freight. If businesspeople can choose between a three-hour train journey from city-center to city-center and a one-hour flight, they’ll choose the train, says an executive travel consultant. They won’t go by plane any more. If you calculate flight time, check-in and travel to-and-from the airport, you’ll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first.(第28題考點(diǎn)。說(shuō)明短途的火車(chē)的優(yōu)勢(shì)大于短途的飛機(jī)。請(qǐng)注意此處strike的含義為“罷工”) Since France introduced the first 260-kilometer-per-hour high speed train service between Paris and Lyons in 1981(第29題考點(diǎn)。), the trains have achieved higher and higher speeds. On many routes, airlines have lost up to 90% of their passengers to high speed trains. If people accept the Community of European Railways’ plan, the 21 century will be the new age of the train.
  26. What is the proposal presented by the Community of European Railways?
  27. What will happen when the proposal becomes a reality?
  28. Why will business people prefer a three-hour train journey to a one-hour flight?
  29. When did France introduce the first high speed train service?
  Keys:DCDA
  分析:
  這是一篇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的六級(jí)短文聽(tīng)力,詞匯、主題、深度都要比四級(jí)高,但是破題方法卻如出一轍。
  第26題:
  本題是首題,所以當(dāng)然對(duì)應(yīng)原文的首句。除了視聽(tīng)一致的使用外,原文中的high speed pan-European train network(泛歐洲高速火車(chē)網(wǎng))被選項(xiàng)替換成了express train network throughout Europe(遍布?xì)W洲的特快列車(chē)網(wǎng)絡(luò))。這是同義替換原則的使用。Express在其他聽(tīng)力題目中還有快遞的含義,請(qǐng)注意。
  第28題:來(lái)源:www.examda.com
  本題目考察的是考生真正的聽(tīng)力理解能力。原文:“If you calculate flight time, check-in and travel to-and-from the airport, you’ll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first.”(如果你計(jì)算航班飛行時(shí)間、辦理登機(jī)手續(xù)時(shí)間、往返機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)間,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)和坐火車(chē)比沒(méi)有任何區(qū)別。如果因?yàn)樘鞖狻⒖罩泻桨噙^(guò)多或罷工而導(dǎo)致飛機(jī)遲到,火車(chē)乘客會(huì)首先到達(dá)目的地。)這個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句的意思就是說(shuō)明:短途來(lái)講,火車(chē)更有優(yōu)勢(shì),更快。而選項(xiàng)考的就是這個(gè)分析能力。
  第29題:來(lái)源:考
  首先,請(qǐng)注意序數(shù)詞系列,諸如“first、last、finally”等,向來(lái)都是聽(tīng)力考試中的關(guān)鍵詞匯。它們體現(xiàn)的是事實(shí)的順序,屬于一種強(qiáng)調(diào)的用法。全文的年代詞匯只有:1989、2020和1981,又由于這已經(jīng)是最后一道題目了,所以綜合使用順序出題原則,當(dāng)然對(duì)應(yīng)最后出現(xiàn)的1981年。
關(guān)于六級(jí)復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)
  六級(jí)聽(tīng)寫(xiě)概況:
  聽(tīng)寫(xiě)共考十一題。八個(gè)單詞和三個(gè)句子。每個(gè)單詞得分為0.5%,每個(gè)句子得分2%。聽(tīng)寫(xiě)一共播讀三遍,其中第二遍時(shí),每個(gè)句子讀完,會(huì)出現(xiàn)一分鐘的停頓。
  六級(jí)聽(tīng)寫(xiě)能力概述:
  聽(tīng)寫(xiě),顧名思義,既聽(tīng)又寫(xiě),它滲透在各種形式的語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)中,是最常用到的基本功之一。聽(tīng)寫(xiě)測(cè)試要求考生把聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地以筆頭的形式表達(dá)出來(lái),雖無(wú)需考生自己遣詞造句,但由于牽涉到語(yǔ)言(聽(tīng)力﹑單詞拼寫(xiě)﹑篇章結(jié)構(gòu)等)與非語(yǔ)言能力(如記憶力﹑速記等)提高聽(tīng)寫(xiě)能力,關(guān)鍵就是加強(qiáng)各種相關(guān)知識(shí)和技能的訓(xùn)練。
  1. 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)方面:
  首先,必須提高聽(tīng)力水平,熟悉英、美國(guó)家人士的說(shuō)話發(fā)音的不同方式,語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào);其次對(duì)于大綱中所列單詞和短語(yǔ),不僅要認(rèn)知,而且會(huì)熟練拼寫(xiě);這一點(diǎn)相當(dāng)重要,很多同學(xué)在正式考試當(dāng)中聽(tīng)出來(lái)了單詞并準(zhǔn)確定位出來(lái)意思,但是由于拼寫(xiě)不過(guò)關(guān)導(dǎo)致遺憾丟分。另外,即便拼寫(xiě)正確,又因?yàn)閱螐?fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和大小寫(xiě)而丟分也很多見(jiàn)。
  2. 非語(yǔ)言能力方面:
  在做聽(tīng)寫(xiě)填空的時(shí)候,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)有意識(shí)的加強(qiáng)我們的記憶和速記能力。有時(shí)候,同學(xué)們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn):聽(tīng)的內(nèi)容都懂了,但由于記憶的問(wèn)題或時(shí)間的問(wèn)題沒(méi)寫(xiě)下來(lái),這是因?yàn)槎虝r(shí)記憶力(short term memory)不夠。因此在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中,應(yīng)當(dāng)有意識(shí)地不是以單個(gè)的詞而是以意群為單位進(jìn)行理解和記憶。第一遍先試圖聽(tīng)明白注意意思,第二遍寫(xiě)出重點(diǎn)單詞或者句子,第三遍完成整個(gè)練習(xí)。在短暫的停頓空間,如果時(shí)間來(lái)不及,可以選用自己熟悉的縮寫(xiě)形式或符號(hào)記錄,等以后有時(shí)間時(shí)再?gòu)?fù)原。這種速記能力也要靠平時(shí)的多練,才能獲得。

  六級(jí)聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的步驟:
  1.通過(guò)卷面文字捕捉信息,找出線索、了解大意
  “復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)”材料多為說(shuō)明文(Exposition), 這一體裁的文章主題突出,條理分明,層次清楚、語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔、邏輯性強(qiáng)。文章的開(kāi)頭或段首多半有主題句(topic sentence),之后的段、句進(jìn)一步具體擴(kuò)展、說(shuō)明或論證主題句。仔細(xì)看題之后,經(jīng)常能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)空缺處的詞匯能夠通過(guò)邏輯能力被猜出具體內(nèi)容,至少也可以知道詞性。
  2,聽(tīng)寫(xiě)結(jié)合,雙管齊下
  根據(jù)“復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)”新題型通知說(shuō)明,第一遍是全文朗讀,要求考生注意聽(tīng)懂全文內(nèi)容。由 于聽(tīng)音前考生已測(cè)覽了卷面文字,對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料有了大致的了解,因此聽(tīng)讀第一遍時(shí),考生可 以適當(dāng)?shù)靥顚?xiě)些單詞和做些筆記,聽(tīng)為主,記為輔。第二遍時(shí)使出全力。最后一遍自習(xí)彌補(bǔ)。在寫(xiě)句子時(shí),不要慌張,可以在每一遍時(shí)把句子的不同部分寫(xiě)出,采取各個(gè)擊破的策略。
  3.提高記錄的效率
  首先,可使用縮略語(yǔ)。例如usually在記錄時(shí)只寫(xiě)usu。Country 記錄為ctr等。其次,重點(diǎn)把握名詞和動(dòng)詞,修飾成分(形容詞和副詞)沒(méi)有寫(xiě)出,一般扣分不多。
  4.書(shū)面表達(dá)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)
  要點(diǎn)盡可能用完整的簡(jiǎn)單句表達(dá),不宜用短語(yǔ),句式也不宜過(guò)于復(fù)雜。盡量省去語(yǔ)句中可有可無(wú)的修飾成份。總而言之,考生應(yīng)用有限的詞語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)潔明了地概括出所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容的全部要點(diǎn),使內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)言表達(dá)達(dá)到有機(jī)的完美統(tǒng)一。
  5.檢查、核對(duì)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)
  完成后,一定勿忘檢查:?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、大小寫(xiě)以及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。
  例題分析:聽(tīng)力請(qǐng)見(jiàn)網(wǎng)站鏈接
  President Clinton later today joins (S1) presidents Ford, Garter and Bush at“the president's summit for America's future”(S2) at recruiting one million volunteer tutors to provide after-school, weekend and summer reading help for up to three million children. Mr. Clinton will ask Congress this coming week for nearly three (S3) dollars to fund a five-year program called “America Reads”.The program would fund the (S4) efforts of 20 thousand reading (S5) and it would also give (S6) to help parents help children read by the third grade, or about age eight. During his Saturday radio (S7) , the president explained why the program is important:“We need ‘America Reads’ and we need it now. Studies show that if the fourth-graders fail to read well.
  (S8)
  But 40 percent of them still can't read at a basic level.”
  Volunteer tutors, who provide community service in exchange for college funding, are being used in literacy and tutoring programs.
  (S9)
  The president says many of the Philadelphia summit's corporate sponsors will recruit tutors.
  (S10)
  解析:
  第一個(gè)空格里面,通過(guò)快速掃描第一句話,發(fā)現(xiàn)有美國(guó)總統(tǒng)克林頓Clinton,又有美國(guó)總統(tǒng)福特,卡特,布什(Ford, Garter and Bush),那么后者跟前者相比較,同學(xué)們一定可以感覺(jué)到后者為前總統(tǒng),因此第一個(gè)空格應(yīng)填入former或類(lèi)似含義的單詞。第二個(gè)空格我們看到后面有一個(gè)介詞,于是能發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)當(dāng)在里面填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,此時(shí)就需要注意時(shí)態(tài),單復(fù)數(shù)的問(wèn)題??崭袢黠@是一個(gè)量詞,第四個(gè)空格不好預(yù)測(cè),第五個(gè)可以估計(jì)出來(lái)應(yīng)填名詞,此時(shí)應(yīng)注意名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的問(wèn)題,第六同上,第七個(gè)空格技巧性較強(qiáng),需要背景知識(shí),同學(xué)們可以想想,美國(guó)總統(tǒng)一般去電臺(tái)(during his radio______)干什么?此時(shí)蹦入腦海的一定是“電臺(tái)演講,演說(shuō)”,于是應(yīng)當(dāng)是“l(fā)ecture, presentation, address”等詞匯。后面的長(zhǎng)難句由于過(guò)長(zhǎng),很難提前預(yù)測(cè)判斷,但是在短短的幾十秒鐘的時(shí)間里面, 能預(yù)測(cè)出來(lái)這么多的信息,對(duì)得分會(huì)有很大幫助。
  參考答案:
  S1 former
  S2 aimed
  S3 billion
  S4 coordination來(lái)源:考
  S5 specialists
  S6 grants
  S7 address
  S8. They're likely to drop out of school and less likely to succeed in life.
  S9. The program, initiated by President Clinton,(initiated含義為“首次提出”,此處的插入成分難度很大,如果完全聽(tīng)不懂,就建議在考試時(shí)放棄。) has come under criticism by Congress.(本句中,國(guó)會(huì)“Congress”需要大寫(xiě))
  S10. Dozens of(這個(gè)短語(yǔ)用 “many”替代也可以) colleges and universities are prepared to send thousands of their students in support of the program(寫(xiě)成to support 更加簡(jiǎn)單)

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