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英語六級(jí)速成寶典之閱讀邏輯分析

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英語六級(jí)速成寶典之閱讀邏輯分析
  二 內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系

  根據(jù)內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系推測詞義是指運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)分析和判斷相關(guān)信息之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系,然后根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。

  1. 根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測詞義

  在一個(gè)句子或段落中,有對(duì)兩個(gè)事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比性的描述,我們可以根據(jù)生詞或難詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。

  例如:

  Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.

  該例中supercilious對(duì)許多人來說可能是個(gè)生詞,但是句中短語in contrast,(相對(duì)照的,相對(duì)比的)可以提示我們supercilious和后面詞組humble and modest(謙卑又謙虛)是對(duì)比關(guān)系。分析出這種關(guān)系后,我們便能猜出supercilious意為“目空一切的,傲慢的”。

  表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞匯和短語主要是unlike,not,but,however,despite,in spite of,in contrast 和while 引導(dǎo)的并列句等。

  A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.

  該句中并未出現(xiàn)上面提到的表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞或短語,但是通過上下文可以判斷出句子前后是對(duì)比關(guān)系,即把熟練工人與非熟練工人區(qū)分開。這時(shí)我們也能夠推斷出生詞adept的詞義,“熟練的”。

  2. 根據(jù)比較關(guān)系猜測詞義

  同對(duì)比關(guān)系相反,比較關(guān)系表示意義上的相似關(guān)系,

  例如:

  Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.

  該句中副詞similarly表明短語loves to talk與生詞loquacious之間的比較關(guān)系。以此可以推斷出loquacious詞義為“健談的”。

  大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)猜詞技巧解讀(3) 

  表示比較關(guān)系的詞和短語主要是similarly,like,just as,also等。

  3. 根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義

  在句子或段落種,若兩個(gè)事物、現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推知生詞詞義。

  例如:

  Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.

  根據(jù)原因狀語從句的內(nèi)容,我們可以推斷出生詞autocratic指“獨(dú)斷專行的”。

  There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.

  此句為結(jié)果狀語從句,根據(jù)從句的描書“許多示威者”,我們便可推知elbow的詞意“擠,擠過”。

  4. 根據(jù)同義詞的替代關(guān)系猜測詞義

  在句子或段落種,我們可以利用熟悉的詞語,根據(jù)語言環(huán)境推斷生詞詞義。

  例如:

  Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.

  作者為避免重復(fù)使用endanger一詞,用其同義詞jeopardize來替代它,由此推知其詞義為“使. . . 陷入危險(xiǎn),危及、危害”。

  Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.

  句中detrimental四個(gè)生詞,但判斷出harmful替代detrimental后,不難推斷出其詞義為“不利的,有害的”。

(責(zé)任編輯:中大編輯)

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